Ministers from the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) have made a firm pledge to intensify their fight against illegal online gambling, a growing regional challenge. Meeting in Langkawi on January 19, they also welcomed China’s support in tackling related cybercrimes. This cooperation marks a significant step in addressing a complex issue that has worsened since the COVID-19 pandemic.
Illegal Online Gambling: A Mounting Threat
Illegal online gambling operations have flourished across Southeast Asia, often targeting China, where gambling is strictly prohibited. The trade isn’t just about betting; it is a hub for transnational crimes, including money laundering, human trafficking, and online fraud. These illicit activities thrive in environments with fragmented governance and lax enforcement.
A report from the Centre for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) in 2024 highlighted the severe risks posed by these operations to the region’s stability. The report underscored how the lack of cohesive regulations within ASEAN has created fertile ground for these enterprises.
Victims of illegal online gambling operations face dire consequences. Trafficked workers are often lured by fake job offers, only to find themselves in prison-like conditions, forced to run scams. Failure to meet quotas can result in violence or worse, as detailed by the United States Institute of Peace (USIP). Meanwhile, scam victims span the globe, from Asia to beyond.
China’s Support: A Boost for ASEAN’s Efforts
China, heavily affected by gambling scams targeting its citizens, has pledged significant support to ASEAN. Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi emphasized Beijing’s readiness to help member states “decisively tackle these crimes.” This commitment comes as part of a broader effort to combat cybercrime in the region.
Malaysian minister and conference chair Datuk Seri Mohamad Hasan noted the importance of unity within ASEAN to address these challenges. He remarked, “Looking at the current geopolitical and geoeconomic situation, I believe it would be a missed opportunity if ASEAN doesn’t come together.”
Regional Hotspots and Their Impact
Illegal gambling operations are deeply rooted in certain ASEAN nations, each presenting unique challenges:
- Philippines: Philippine Offshore Gaming Operations (POGOs) initially seemed like an economic win post-pandemic. However, the industry became riddled with cyberfraud, kidnappings, and even torture. This led President Ferdinand Marcos Jr. to ban POGOs in 2024.
- Cambodia, Myanmar, and Laos: These countries have become notorious for their gambling hubs. Vacant hotels and casinos have been transformed into centres for scams, particularly in regions like Myanmar’s Golden Triangle. Many of these operations are shielded by military groups or local proxies.
The problem is not confined to isolated incidents but reveals systemic governance issues. For instance, special economic zones in Myanmar have emerged as havens for illegal gambling under military protection.
Strengthening ASEAN’s Defences
In response to the crisis, ASEAN is taking concrete steps:
- Cybersecurity Collaboration: A computer emergency response team (CERT) based in Singapore will lead efforts to counter online threats. The team aims to enhance coordination among member states.
- Addressing Money Laundering: A dedicated working group will focus on disrupting financial networks supporting these operations.
- Information Sharing: Member states plan to exchange CERT-related data to neutralize online threats more effectively.
Key Facts at a Glance:
- Illegal gambling often serves as a front for crimes like human trafficking, money laundering, and cyberfraud.
- China has pledged significant support to ASEAN to combat these issues.
- Countries like the Philippines, Cambodia, and Myanmar are at the centre of the illegal gambling crisis.
The Road Ahead
While the efforts announced at Langkawi mark a strong start, the battle is far from over. Collaboration among ASEAN nations, coupled with external support from China, is critical to dismantling these networks. With coordinated action and robust strategies, Southeast Asia has a chance to reclaim stability and protect its people from exploitation.
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